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Colombian Declaration of Independence refers to the historic events of July 20, 1810, in Santa Fe de Bogota, which resulted in the establishment of a junta in that capital. This experience in self-government eventually led to the creation of the Republic of Colombia. == Political background == In the mid 18th century Colombia had been ruled as a typical enlightened absolutist monarch, promoting the arts and allowing the expression of some of the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment in Spain and America, while at the same time maintaining strong political power. The American colonies, however, were forbidden from trading with other colonies or countries, such as the United Kingdom or the British North America, leaving Spain as their only source of goods and merchandise, although Spain was unable to fulfill the trade demands of its colonies. Furthermore, Charles III's support for the independence of the United States generated the creation of new taxes, causing disturbances in Spain's American possessions, such as the Revolt of the Comuneros (New Granada) and the Túpac Amaru II's rebellion. Another major tension was the policy of excluding Criollos, or locally born whites, from public administration. Charles IV (reigned 1788–1808) was not very interested in exercising political power, leaving such duties to his ministers, especially the disliked Manuel Godoy. Charles IV was more interested in pursuing the arts and science and gave little importance to the American colonies. The development that precipitated the events of July 20, 1810, was the crisis of the Spanish monarchy caused by the 1808 abdications of Charles IV and Ferdinand VII forced by Napoleon Bonaparte in favor of his brother Joseph Bonaparte. The ascension of King Joseph initially had been cheered by Spanish ''afrancesados'' (literally, "Frenchified"), usually elites and important statesmen who believed that collaboration with France would bring modernization and liberty to Spain. An example of Joseph's policies was the abolition of the Spanish Inquisition. However, the general population rejected the new king and opposition, led by the priesthood and patriots, became widespread after the French army's first examples of repression (such as the executions of May 3, 1808, in Madrid) became widely known. Eventually an emergency government in the form of a Supreme Central Junta was formed in Spain. Most of the authorities in the Americas swore allegiance to the new Supreme Central Junta. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Colombian Declaration of Independence」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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